Setup an Express App with Typescript

This post will explain how to setup up a basic hello world express app with typescript, we will be using pnpm as the package manager.

Table of contents

Basic Project Setup

Initialize the Project

Initialize the folder as a pnpm project

pnpm init

Installing Packages

Install typescript and type declarations for node as dev dependencies.

pnpm i -D typescript @types/node
pnpm i -D tsx

Install TSX as the typescript runner.

pnpm i -D tsx

Install Express with it’s typings.

pnpm i express
pnpm i -D @types/express

Configuring Typescript

We will be using ESM (ECMA Script Module) syntax. So, we need to add an extra property called type with value as module to package.json

{
  "name": "express-app",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "type": "module"
  ...
}

Then add a tsconfig.json file to the root of project

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "strict": true,
    "module": "ESNext",
    "target": "ESNext",
    "moduleResolution": "Bundler",
    "moduleDetection": "force",
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "skipLibCheck": true
  },
  "include": ["src", "scripts"]
}

You can use your own tsconfig.json file or checkout a cool repo called @tsconfig/bases.

Loading Env Variables

We will be using dotenv for loading variables from .env file, and zod for parsing and validating the env variables.

pnpm i dotenv zod

Creating a file to load ENV variables.

import "dotenv/config";

import { z } from "zod";

export const envSchema = z.object({
  PORT: z.coerce.number().default(8080),
});

export default envSchema.parse(process.env);

This will load env variable a .env file which looks something like this,

PORT = 3000

Writing the Server

This is a basic hello world server. We are importing PORT from this env.ts file we just made.

import express from "express";

import env from "./env";

const app = express();

app.get("/", (req, res) => {
  res.send("Hello World!");
});

app.listen(env.PORT, () => {
  console.log(`Listening on http://localhost:${env.PORT}`);
});

Now, we can use tsx to run typescript file directly without manual transpilation.

pnpm tsx src/index.ts

Building the Project (OPTIONAL)

We can use tools like esbuild to bundle the entire code to a single js file, which we can run directly with Node.

pnpm i esbuild

Then setting up a custom build script to bundle .ts files with ESM syntax to .mjs file with ESM Syntax. We also need toi include a custom header for now because of an issue with esbuild.

import { build, BuildOptions } from "esbuild";

const config = {
  entryPoints: ["src/index.ts"],
  outdir: "./dist",
  format: "esm",
  outExtension: {
    ".js": ".mjs",
  },
  platform: "node",
  bundle: true,
  minify: true,
  sourcemap: false,
  banner: {
    js: `
    const require = (await import("node:module")).createRequire(import.meta.url);
    const __filename = (await import("node:url")).fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
    const __dirname = (await import("node:path")).dirname(__filename);
    `,
  },
} satisfies BuildOptions;

try {
  await build(config);
  console.log("⚡️ Build success");
  process.exit(0);
} catch (e) {
  console.log("☠️ Build failed");
  process.exit(1);
}

For compiling the source code use the command below. This will create a dist folder with index.mjs file in it.

pnpm tsx scripts/build.ts

After compiling everything to a single file we can run it like this,

node dist/index.mjs

It doesn’t even need any of the external dependencies to be installed, which is super cool 😎

Project Links

• Repo: https://github.com/tanishqmanuja/boilerplate.express